lesson 16,The Lahn or mistakes in Qur'an reading,
Tajweed Guide book 1
Lesson 16
(intermediate)
This is Lesson 16
of “Tajweed Guide to Read Right book, part 1”
Available at :- Amazon
This book covers
all the main areas of Tajweed that are required to read the Qur’an properly.
Lesson 16: The
Lahn لَحْن or Mistakes in Qur’an reading
The study of tajweed is important because it protects the reciter
from “lahn” (mistakes) in the recitation.
These mistakes are divided into two categories,
These categories are “lahn jali’ ” and “lahn khafi’ “.
1.
“Lahn
Jali’ “لحن جلي
: This is the mistake that is so obvious, or “big” that both a novice in
Tajweed and the expert in it can identify it. This category of mistake in the
recitation is “haram” (forbidden) to commit as it may completely change the
meaning of the verse(s) being recited.
The categories of “Lahn Jali’ ” are
as follows:
- Changing (substituting) one letter for another e.g. letters of
the Arabic alphabet which may sound “close” to one another, but
nonetheless have different “Makharij” (articulation points). An example of
this could be substituting a “saad” (ص)
for a “seen” (س)
or substituting a “kaaf”(ك)
for a “qaaf” (ق). This can
alter a word into a completely different word (and meaning).
- Extending (Elongating) the sound of a letter in a word, such
that it implies that there is an extra letter there. An example of this
could be extending the length of a “Fat-ha” sound (one of the short vowels)
on a letter so it sounds like an “Alif” is after that letter (i.e.
making it sound like a long vowel sound), or elongating the sound of a
“Kasra” (another short vowel) on a letter so that it implies that there is
a “yaa” after that letter. An example of this would be saying the word
( لَتَرَوُنَّ) incorrectly
as ( لَّا تَرَوُنَّ ), and this would affect the
meaning of the verse which contains this word.
- Shortening the sound, such that a long vowel sound is made
into a short vowel sound. An example of this could be making the long
vowel sound of a “Fat-ha followed by an ‘Alif’ ” into a short vowel sound
of just the “Fat-ha”. This is, in effect, the opposite of the previous
sub-category. An example would be saying the word ( لَّا تَعْلَمُونَ )
incorrectly as
( لَّتَعْلَمُونَ )
- Changing one “Harakah” or vowel for another. For example, in
the following verse, if the “Fat-ha” on the letter “Haa” in the word
“Allah” were to be mistakenly read as a “Dammah”, it would change the
meaning of the verse into an opposite (and forbidden) meaning.
{إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى
اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاء}
[…Those truly fear Allah, among His servants,
who have knowledge…] Surah Fatir (35:28)
2. “Lahn Khafi’ ”لحن خفي : This type of mistake
in recitation is “smaller” than mistakes from the “Lahn Jali’ ” category.
These mistakes involve leaving those rules of recitations and subtle properties of the letters that contribute to the completeness and beauty of the recitation. This type of mistake is “makruh” (disliked) to commit and does not invalidate the prayer in which such a recitation is done.
These mistakes involve leaving those rules of recitations and subtle properties of the letters that contribute to the completeness and beauty of the recitation. This type of mistake is “makruh” (disliked) to commit and does not invalidate the prayer in which such a recitation is done.
“Lahn khafi’ ” has two sub-categories:
1. These are mistakes which are easy for a
non-expert in tajweed to identify. Examples include mixing up the “tafkheem”
(heaviness) and “tarqeeq” (lightness) of the letters, or mixing up the
“idhaar”, “idghaam” and “ikhfa’a” rules.
2. This includes mistakes that experts in
tajweed can identify, but a non-expert may miss. An example of this is applying
the finer rules of recitation involving the letter “raa” (e.g. the word,( مُّسْتَقِرٌّ ) in surah al-Qamar, where the “raa”
has a “shaddah” on it). Another example is keeping control of the voice during
recitation of the “mudood” (elongations on certain letters) so that the voice
doesn’t “fluctuate” during the elongation.
Also, keeping the length of the various
categories of elongations consistent during all of one’s recitation comes in
this category. For example, if during the recitation of
“madd muttasil” or “madd munfasil”, we started doing the elongations to a
length of “tawasut” (count of 4), we should keep it like that throughout the
whole recitation and not alternate between “tawasat” and “tool” (count of 6).
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